Mod evasive

Overview

Mod_evasive is the Web Denial of Service module used in ASL. It is designed to throttle http and https connections when they reach above a specified threshold.

Settings

MODEV_DOSPageCount

This is the threshhold for the number of requests for the same page (or URI) per page interval. Once the threshhold for that interval has been exceeded, the IP address of the client will be added to the blocking list.

MODEV_DOSSiteCount

This is the threshhold for the total number of requests for any object (unlike MODEV_DOSPageCount which is for the same page) by the same client on the same listener per site interval. Once the threshhold for that interval has been exceeded, the IP address of the client will be added to the blocking list.

MODEV_DOSPageInterval

The interval for the page count threshhold; defaults to 1 second intervals.

MODEV_DOSSiteInterval

The interval for the site count threshhold; defaults to 1 second intervals.

MODEV_DOSBlockingPeriod

The blocking period is the amount of time (in seconds) that a client will be blocked for if they are added to the blocking list. During this time, all subsequent requests from the client will result in a 403 (Forbidden) and the timer being reset (e.g. another 10 seconds). Since the timer is reset for every subsequent request, it is not necessary to have a long blocking period; in the event of a DoS attack, this timer will keep getting reset.

Troubleshooting

Example messages:

[file "mod_evasive20.c"] [line 246] [level 3] client denied by server configuration:

hostname mod_evasive[12345]: Blacklisting address 1.2.3.4: possible DoS attack.

These messages indicate the threshold has been exceeded. There are two solutions, in order of most secure to least secure.

Solution 1: Increase the thresholds for mod_evasive to be less sensitive and to allow more connections from a single source over a period of time.

Step 1) Log into the ASL GUI and Select Configure ASL, or edit /etc/asl/config

 vim /etc/asl/config

Step 2) Increase the thresholds in the following fields

 MODEV_DOSPageCount="12"
 MODEV_DOSSiteCount="400"
 MODEV_DOSPageInterval="2"
 MODEV_DOSSiteInterval="2"

NOTE: These vary depending on the environment, we start by doubling the values, and then backing them off.

MODEV_DOSPageCount="12"

This is the threshhold for the number of requests for the same page (or URI) per page interval. Once the threshhold for that interval has been exceeded, the IP address of the client will be added to the blocking list.

MODEV_DOSSiteCount="400"

This is the threshhold for the total number of requests for any object by the same client on the same listener per site interval. Once the threshhold for that interval has been exceeded, the IP address of the client will be added to the blocking list.

MODEV_DOSPageInterval="2"

The interval for the page count threshhold; defaults to 1 second intervals.

MODEV_DOSSiteInterval="2"

The interval for the site count threshhold; defaults to 1 second intervals.

MODEV_DOSBlockingPeriod="20"

The blocking period is the amount of time (in seconds) that a client will be blocked for if they are added to the blocking list. During this time, all subsequent requests from the client will result in a 403 (Forbidden) and the timer being reset (e.g. another 10 seconds). Since the timer is reset for every subsequent request, it is not necessary to have a long blocking period; in the event of a DoS attack, this timer will keep getting reset.

Step 3) Update the security policy by running the following command as root:

 asl -s -f

Solution 2: Whitelist the IPs

You can exclude IPs from the DOS protection. To do that, simply edit /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_evasive.conf and add the directive DOSWhitelist with the IPs or ranges you want to exclude. Wildcards can be used on up to the last 3 octets if necessary. Multiple DOSWhitelist commands may be used in the configuration. For example:

 DOSWhitelist   127.0.0.1
 DOSWhitelist   192.168.0.*

Solution 3: Disable mod_evasive entirely:

Step 1) To disable mod_dosevasive just change this setting in the GUI:

From:

MODEV_ENABLED="yes"

To:

MODEV_ENABLED="no"

Or edit /etc/asl/config.

Step 2) Update the security policy by running the following command as root:

 asl -s -f